CHAPTER 7: INPUT AND OUTPUT

WHAT IS INPUT ?

Input is the data or instructions that we insert into the memory of computer.

Commonly input method include:

1.     Keyboard

2.       Pointing devices

3.       Touch screens

4.       Pen input

5.       Motion input

6.       Voice and audio input

7.       Video Input

8.       Scanners and reading device

1.0   Keyboard

-is an input device that contain keys that users can press to enter the data into  computer or mobile devices.

-an ergonomic keyboard has design that reduces the chance of repetitive strain injuries.

2.0   Pointing devices

-A mouse is a pointing devices that fits under your palm perfectly.

-Touchpad is sensitive to pressure and motion 

Figure 1.0 Touchpad

-Trackball has ball on its top or side

Figure 1.1 Trackball

-Pointing stick are pressure-sensitive that positioned between keys on a mobile computer keyboard

Figure 1.2 Pointing stick

3.0 Pen Input

-You touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw, or make selections

Figure 1.3 Stylus or digital pen

4

4.0 Motion Input

-Sometimes called gesture recognition, users can guide on-screen elements using air gestures

Figure 1.4 VR

5.0 Voice Input and Audio Input


Voice Input

Audio Input
-process of entering any sound into the computer such as speech, music, and sound effects

6.0 Video Input
-Video input is a process of capturing full-motion images and storing them on a computer or mobile device’s storage medium.
-a webcam is a type of digital video(DV) camera that user can :-

-capture video and still image

-send email with video attachment

-add live images to  instant message

-broadcast live image over the internet

-conduct video conferences

-video calls

7.0 Scanners and Reading Device

-A scanner is a light-sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can process

-A flatbed scanner  similar to a copy machine except it creates a file of the document in memory instead of a paper copy. 

Figure 1.5 Flatbed Scanner

Figure 1.6 How a flatbed scanner works.

-optical reader is a device that uses a light source to read characters,  marks, and codes 
and then converts them into digital data that a computer can process.

Figure 1.7 OCR vs OMR

-A bar code reader, also called a bar code scanner uses laser beams to read bar code
-A QR code stores information in both a vertical and horizontal direction.
-Magstripe readers read the magnetic stripe on the back of cards such as: 

(credit cards, entertainment cards, bank card and identification card)

WHAT IS OUTPUT?

Output is data that has been processed into a useful form.

A display visually conveys text, graphics, and video information.

-A monitor is a display that is packaged as a separate peripheral device as 

example LCD monitor.

Today’s monitors use a digital signal to produce a picture

•To display the highest quality images, the monitor should plug into:

•A DVI port

•An HDMI port

•A Display Port

Figure 1.8 DVI and HDMI

Figure 1.9 Display port 

•Home users sometimes use a digital television (DTV) as a display

•HDTV is the most advanced form of digital television

•A Smart TV is an Internet-enabled HDTV

-A printer produces text and graphic on a physical medium 

-A nonimpact printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually contacting the paper

>Ink-jet printer

>Photo printers 

>Laser printers

>All-in-one printers

>Thermal printers

>Mobile printers

>ink-jet printer forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink on a piece of  paper

-Color or black-and-white

-Speed is measured by the number of pages per minute (ppm) it can print

>An all-in-one printer is a single device that prints, scans, copies, and in some cases, faxes

-Sometimes called a multifunction printer

>A thermal printer generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against the heat-sensitive paper

Figure 2.0 Thermal Printer

>A mobile printer is a small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows a mobile user to print from a mobile device

Figure 2.1 Mobile Printer

>A label printer is a small printer that prints on an adhesive-type material that can be placed on a variety of items.

Figure 2.2 Label Printer

>Impact printers form characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper.

Figure 2.3 Impact Printer

Other output device 

-speakers

-headphone

-earphones

-data projector

-Joysticks, wheel, gamepads, and motion-sensing controllers

ASSISITIVE TECHNOLOGY INPUT AND OUTPUT

Figure 2.4 Mounted Printer to create replica by printing

Figure 2.6 Braille input on computer keyboard

Figure 2.5 Braille input

Figure 2.7 Braille Printer

MICROSOFT POWERPOINT

- Microsoft powerpoint , majority of students get buy 1 free 1 coupon. *limited
- As there is an assignment that need to present, lecturer taught us a little bit more about powerpoint such as hyperlink, design, animatin, transition, audio. so that we can apply them during presentation.

CHAPTER 6: INSIDE COMPUTER AND MOBILE DEVICES

This chapter tell us about things that have inside the computer itself. Let us find out about what kind of component that exist in computer?

1. Cases

Basically, the computer have cases, right? The case is contains and protects the electronics of the computer or mobile device from damage. It is act as a protector of computer. The picture below is example of cases.

Figure 1.0 Cases

2. Motherboard

Motherboard is the main circuit board on the computer that connects all other part. It contains many computer chip with integrated circuits. 

Figure 2.0 Motherboard

3. Processor

• -         The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), is the logical circuit that responds to and processes the basic instruction that drives a computer. The processor in personal computer or in a small devices is often called microprocessor. 
• -         Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

Figure 3.0 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

•A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or more separate processor cores. For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which consist of a machine cycle.

Figure 4.0 Multicore CPU Processor

• For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which consist of a machine cycle.

Figure 4.0 Machine cycle

•A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to malfunction or fail

•Require additional cooling

      –Heat sinks

      –Liquid cooling technology

      –Cooling mats

4. Data Representation

1)Analog Signal = continuous and vary in strength and quality

2)Digital Signal = in one of two states: on or off

 Most computers are digital.

The circuitry in a computer or mobile device represents the on or the off states electronically by the presence or absence of an electronic charge.

Figure 5.0 Digital Signal

Eight bits grouped together as a unit are called a byte. A byte represents

 a single character in the computer or mobile device. 

Figure 6.0 Byte 

5. Memory

Stores three basic categories of items:

-         The operating system and other programs

-         Applications

-         Data being processed and the resulting information

System unit contains two types of memory:

Volatile Memory	Nonvolatile Memory
Information stored is lost when power off	Information stored does not lost when power off
,     Example includes RAM	Example includes ROM,flash memory and CMOS.
Used for temporary storage	Used for permanent storage

•         Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions.

•         Flash memory can be erased electronically and rewritten.

Figure 7.0 Memory card and USB

6. Adapter

In a computer, an adapter is often built into a card that can be inserted into a slot on the computer's motherboard. 

Figure 8.0 Type of Adapter Cards

An expansion slot is a socket on a desktop or server motherboard that can hold an adapter card. 

7. Power supply and battery

•      Mobile computers and devices can run using either a power supply or batteries

•      Batteries typically are rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

      Volatile Memory

      Nonvolatile Memory

      Information stored is lost when power off

      Information stored does not lost when power off

,     Example includes RAM

      Example includes ROM,flash memory and CMOS.

      Used for temporary storage

      Used for permanent storage

Figure 9.0 Power supply and battery

As the conclusion is, even the computer also have many components in itself to become functionally. We can learn about how memory stores data and described various types of memory exists. I hope this sharing will help the you guys in knowing and protecting your computer or mobile devices as a precious one. 


Next, I proceed with things that i have learn in the class lecture.
My lecture taught me and my friends about image editing.

IMAGE EDITING

My lecturer taught about GIMP which is quite famous for editing the images. 

This is  a poster made by myself .This poster as assignment task to wish the  Independence Day and Aidil Adha that happens in same month .








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