CHAPTER 1 & 2 : DIGITAL LITERACY AND INTERNET

CHAPTER 1: DIGITAL LITERACY

Digital literacy involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile devices, the Internet, and related technologies. First, before we proceed with more topic, let start with the first and second chapter in Information Technology (MKA2013) which is digital literacy and Internet.

Computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory.

Internet

•The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.

•A browser is software that enables users with an Internet connection to access and view webpages on a computer or mobile device. (chrome,firefox,ie)

•A search engine is software that finds other information in specific topic. 

•An online social network encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users (fb, instagram, twitter, ie)

Digital Safety and Security

•It is important that users protect their computers and mobile devices

-viruses and other malware

-privacy

-health concern

-environmental issues

•Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer

•Strategies include:

–Recycling

–Using energy efficient hardware and energy saving features

–Regulating manufacturing processes

–Extending the life of computers

–Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

Programs and Apps

•Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them

•Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware

•Once installed, you can run an application so that you can interact with it

•You interact with a program or application through its user interface

•A software developer is called an application developer or computer programmer which is someone who develops program.

Communications and Networks

qinformation generated by, one or more of these communications technologies

•A communications device is hardware capable of transferring items from computers and devices to transmission media and vice versa

•Examples of wireless communications technologies include: wifi, bluetooth and cellular radio

•A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media

     

Technology Users

CHAPTER 2: INTERNET

Definition : Internet is a worldwide collection of networks 

Evolution of the Internet

•The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:

Connecting to the Internet

- Internet can be connected by wiring or wireless. 

- A cybercafé is a location that provides computers with Internet access, usually for a fee

- A hot spot is a wireless network that provides Internet connections to mobile computers and devices.

- An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee. (Unifi,TM,Celcom)

- Bandwidth represents the amount of data that travels over a network [Megabyte (MB)Gigabyte (GB)]

- An IP address is a sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet

- A domain name is a text-based name that corresponds to the IP address

- A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address

The World Wide Web

- World Wide Web (WWW), or web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (webpages)

- A website is a collection of related webpages and associated items

- A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer

- Browser

- A home page is the first page that a website displays

- Desktop browsers typically support tabbed browsing

- A webpage has a unique address called a web address or URL

Types of Websites

- There are 16 types of websites. 

1) online social network

2) informational

3) Media sharing and bookmarking sites

4) News, weather, sports, and other mass media

5) Educational

6) Business, Governmental, and Organizational

7) Blogs

8) Wikis

9) Health and Science

10) Entertainment

11) Financial

12) Travel and Mapping

13) Shopping and Auctions

14) Careers and Employment

15) E-Commerce

16) Portals

- Web publishing is the development and maintenance of websites

Media on the Web

- Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with: graphic, animation, audio, video, virtual reality.

 -•A graphic is a digital representation of non text information

•Graphic formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF

   - An infographic is a visual representation of data and information

- Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence

- Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound

- Listen to audio in computer using a media player

- Video consists of images displayed in motion

- Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate a

real or imagined environment that appears as 3-D.

Other Internet Services

- Email is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network.

- Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet communications service.

- •A chat is type

conversation on a computer

or mobile device.

•A chat room is a website or

application that permits

users to chat with others

who are online at the same time.

- A discussion forum is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject

- VoIP (Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other users over the Internet (viber, whatsapp, skype)

- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading to and from other computers on the Internet

- An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload and/or download files using FTP.